.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)tftpd.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
.\" $FreeBSD: src/libexec/tftpd/tftpd.8,v 1.6.2.6 2003/04/06 19:42:56 dwmalone Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 14, 2000
.Dt TFTPD 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm tftpd
.Nd Internet Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm /usr/libexec/tftpd
.Op Fl cCln
.Op Fl s Ar directory
.Op Fl u Ar user
.Op Ar directory ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is a server which supports the
Internet Trivial File Transfer
Protocol
.Pq Tn RFC 1350 .
The
.Tn TFTP
server operates
at the port indicated in the
.Ql tftp
service description;
see
.Xr services 5 .
The server is normally started by
.Xr inetd 8 .
.Pp
The use of
.Xr tftp 1
does not require an account or password on the remote system.
Due to the lack of authentication information,
.Nm
will allow only publicly readable files to be
accessed.
Files containing the string ``/\|\fB.\|.\fP\|/'' or starting with
``\|\fB.\|.\fP\|/'' are not allowed.
Files may be written only if they already exist and are publicly writable.
Note that this extends the concept of
.Dq public
to include
all users on all hosts that can be reached through the network;
this may not be appropriate on all systems, and its implications
should be considered before enabling tftp service.
The server should have the user ID with the lowest possible privilege.
.Pp
Access to files may be restricted by invoking
.Nm
with a list of directories by including up to 20 pathnames
as server program arguments in
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf .
In this case access is restricted to files whose
names are prefixed by one of the given directories.
The given directories are also treated as a search path for
relative filename requests.
.Pp
The
.Fl s
option provides additional security by changing
.Nm Ns No 's
root directory, thereby prohibiting accesses outside of the specified
.Ar directory .
Because
.Xr chroot 2
requires super-user privileges,
.Nm
must be run as root.
However, after performing the
.Fn chroot ,
.Nm
will set its user id to that of the specified
.Ar user ,
or
.Dq nobody
if no
.Fl u
option is specified.
.Pp
The options are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c
Changes the default root directory of a connecting host via chroot based on the
connecting IP address.
This prevents multiple clients from writing to the same file at the same time.
If the directory does not exist, the client connection is refused.
The
.Fl s
option is required for
.Fl c
and the specified
.Ar directory
is used as a base.
.It Fl C
Operates the same as
.Fl c
except it falls back to
.Fl s Ns No 's
.Ar directory
if a directory does not exist for the client's IP.
.It Fl l
Log all requests using
.Xr syslog 3
with the facility of
.Dv LOG_FTP .
Note: Logging of
.Dv LOG_FTP
messages
must also be enabled in the syslog configuration file,
.Xr syslog.conf 5 .
.It Fl n
Suppress negative acknowledgement of requests for nonexistent
relative filenames.
.It Fl s Ar directory
Cause
.Nm
to change its root directory to
.Pa directory .
After changing roots but before accepting commands,
.Nm
will switch credentials to an unprivileged user.
.It Fl u Ar user
Switch credentials to
.Ar user
(default
.Dq nobody )
when the
.Fl s
option is used.
The user must be specified by name, not a numeric UID.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr tftp 1 ,
.Xr chroot 2 ,
.Xr inetd 8 ,
.Xr syslogd 8
.Rs
.%A K. R. Sollins
.%T The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2)
.%D July 1992
.%O RFC 1350, STD 33
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 ;
the
.Fl s
option was introduced in
.Fx 2.2 ,
the
.Fl u
option was introduced in
.Fx 4.2 ,
and the
.Fl c
option was introduced in
.Fx 4.3 .
.Sh BUGS
Files larger than 33488896 octets (65535 blocks) cannot be transferred
without client and server supporting blocksize negotiation (RFC 1783).
.Pp
Many tftp clients will not transfer files over 16744448 octets (32767 blocks).