.\"	$OpenBSD: test.1,v 1.35 2024/06/18 16:41:39 schwarze Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: test.1,v 1.6 1995/03/21 07:04:03 cgd Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\"     @(#)test.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: June 18 2024 $
.Dt TEST 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm test ,
.Nm \&[
.Nd condition evaluation utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm test
.Ar expression
.Nm \&[
.Ar expression Nm \&]
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility evaluates the
.Ar expression
and, if it evaluates
to true, returns a zero (true) exit status; otherwise
it returns 1 (false).
If no
.Ar expression
is given,
.Nm
also
returns 1 (false).
The form
.Nm \&[
is an alias for
.Nm test .
.Pp
All operators and flags are separate arguments to the
.Nm
utility.
Symbolic links are followed for all primaries except
.Fl h
and
.Fl L .
.Pp
The following primaries are used to construct
.Ar expression :
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a block special
file.
.It Fl c Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a character
special file.
.It Fl d Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a directory.
.It Fl e Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists (regardless of type).
.It Fl f Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a regular file.
.It Fl G Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and its group matches the effective group ID of this process.
.It Fl g Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and its set-group-ID flag
is set.
.It Fl h Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a symbolic link.
Identical to
.Fl L .
.It Fl k Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and its sticky bit is set.
.It Fl L Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a symbolic link.
Identical to
.Fl h .
.It Fl n Ar string
True if the length of
.Ar string
is nonzero.
.It Fl O Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and its owner matches the effective user ID of this process.
.It Fl p Ar file
True if
.Ar file
is a named pipe
.Pq Tn FIFO .
.It Fl r Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is readable.
.It Fl S Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is a socket.
.It Fl s Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and has a size greater
than zero.
.It Fl t Ar file_descriptor
True if the file whose file descriptor number
is
.Ar file_descriptor
is open and is associated with a terminal.
.It Fl u Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and its set-user-ID flag
is set.
.It Fl w Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is writable.
True
indicates only that the write flag is on.
The file is not writable on a read-only file
system even if this test indicates true.
.It Fl x Ar file
True if
.Ar file
exists and is executable.
True
indicates only that the execute flag is on.
If
.Ar file
is a directory, true indicates that
.Ar file
can be searched.
.It Fl z Ar string
True if the length of
.Ar string
is zero.
.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2
True if
.Ar file1
exists and is newer than
.Ar file2 .
.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2
True if
.Ar file1
exists and is older than
.Ar file2 .
.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2
True if
.Ar file1
and
.Ar file2
exist and refer to the same file.
.It Ar s1 Cm = Ar s2
True if the strings
.Ar s1
and
.Ar s2
are identical.
.It Ar s1 Cm != Ar s2
True if the strings
.Ar s1
and
.Ar s2
are not identical.
.It Ar s1 Cm \*(Lt Ar s2
True if string
.Ar s1
comes before
.Ar s2
based on the ASCII value of their characters.
.It Ar s1 Cm \*(Gt Ar s2
True if string
.Ar s1
comes after
.Ar s2
based on the ASCII value of their characters.
.It Ar s1
True if
.Ar s1
is not the null
string.
.It Ar n1 Fl eq Ar n2
True if the integers
.Ar n1
and
.Ar n2
are algebraically
equal.
.It Ar n1 Fl ne Ar n2
True if the integers
.Ar n1
and
.Ar n2
are not
algebraically equal.
.It Ar n1 Fl gt Ar n2
True if the integer
.Ar n1
is algebraically
greater than the integer
.Ar n2 .
.It Ar n1 Fl ge Ar n2
True if the integer
.Ar n1
is algebraically
greater than or equal to the integer
.Ar n2 .
.It Ar n1 Fl \&lt Ar n2
True if the integer
.Ar n1
is algebraically less
than the integer
.Ar n2 .
.It Ar n1 Fl le Ar n2
True if the integer
.Ar n1
is algebraically less
than or equal to the integer
.Ar n2 .
.El
.Pp
These primaries can be combined with the following operators.
The
.Fl a
operator has higher precedence than the
.Fl o
operator.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm \&! Ar expression
True if
.Ar expression
is false.
.It Ar expression1 Fl a Ar expression2
True if both
.Ar expression1
and
.Ar expression2
are true.
.It Ar expression1 Fl o Ar expression2
True if either
.Ar expression1
or
.Ar expression2
are true.
.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
True if
.Ar expression
is true.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The
.Nm
utility exits with one of the following values:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It 0
Expression evaluated to true.
.It 1
Expression evaluated to false or expression was
missing.
.It \*(Gt1
An error occurred.
.El
.Sh GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY
The
.Nm
grammar is inherently ambiguous.
In order to assure a degree of consistency,
the cases described in
.St -p1003.2
section D11.2/4.62.4
are evaluated consistently according to the rules specified in the
standards document.
All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the
command semantics.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ksh 1
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
utility is compliant with the
.St -p1003.1-2008
specification.
.Pp
The primaries
.Fl G ,
.Fl k ,
.Fl O ,
.Fl nt ,
.Fl ot ,
.Fl ef ,
.Cm \*(Lt ,
and
.Cm \*(Gt
are extensions to that specification.
.Pp
The operators
.Fl a ,
.Fl o ,
and
.Cm ()
are marked by
.St -p1003.1-2008
as part of X/Open System Interfaces and obsolete.
.Pp
.Nm
also exists as a built-in to
.Xr ksh 1 ,
though with a different syntax.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
utility appeared in
.At v7 .