/* $OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.249 2024/04/23 13:34:50 jsg Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Mike Muuss. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include struct tv64 { u_int64_t tv64_sec; u_int64_t tv64_nsec; }; struct payload { struct tv64 tv64; u_int8_t mac[SIPHASH_DIGEST_LENGTH]; }; #define ECHOLEN 8 /* icmp echo header len excluding time */ #define ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct payload) #define DEFDATALEN (64 - ECHOLEN) /* default data length */ #define MAXIPLEN 60 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 #define MAXPAYLOAD (IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - ECHOLEN) #define IP6LEN 40 #define EXTRA 256 /* for AH and various other headers. weird. */ #define MAXPAYLOAD6 IPV6_MAXPACKET - IP6LEN - ECHOLEN #define MAXWAIT_DEFAULT 10 /* secs to wait for response */ #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) /* various options */ int options; #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 #define F_HOSTNAME 0x0004 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 #define F_SHOWCHAR 0x0080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 /* 0x0200 */ #define F_HDRINCL 0x0400 #define F_TTL 0x0800 #define F_TOS 0x1000 #define F_AUD_RECV 0x2000 #define F_AUD_MISS 0x4000 /* multicast options */ int moptions; #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 #define DUMMY_PORT 10101 #define PING_USER "_ping" /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 8192) int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; int datalen = DEFDATALEN; int maxpayload = MAXPAYLOAD; u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET+sizeof(struct ip)]; u_char *outpack = outpackhdr+sizeof(struct ip); char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ char DOT = '.'; char *hostname; int ident; /* random number to identify our packets */ int v6flag; /* are we ping6? */ /* counters */ int64_t npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ int64_t nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ int64_t nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ int64_t ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ int64_t nmissedmax = 1; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */ struct timeval interval = {1, 0}; /* interval between packets */ /* timing */ int timing; /* flag to do timing */ int timinginfo; unsigned int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT; /* max seconds to wait for response */ double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ double tmax; /* maximum round trip time */ double tsum; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ double tsumsq; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ struct tv64 tv64_offset; SIPHASH_KEY mac_key; struct msghdr smsghdr; struct iovec smsgiov; volatile sig_atomic_t seenalrm; volatile sig_atomic_t seenint; volatile sig_atomic_t seeninfo; void fill(char *, char *); void summary(void); void onsignal(int); void retransmit(int); int pinger(int); const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, socklen_t); void pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *); __dead void usage(void); /* IPv4 specific functions */ void pr_ipopt(int, u_char *); int in_cksum(u_short *, int); void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); void pr_retip(struct ip *); void pr_iph(struct ip *); #ifndef SMALL int map_tos(char *, int *); #endif /* SMALL */ /* IPv6 specific functions */ int get_hoplim(struct msghdr *); int get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *, struct sockaddr_in6 *); void pr_icmph6(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *); void pr_iph6(struct ip6_hdr *); void pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *); void pr_ip6opt(void *); void pr_rthdr(void *); void pr_retip6(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct addrinfo hints, *res; struct itimerval itimer; struct sockaddr *from, *dst; struct sockaddr_in from4, dst4; struct sockaddr_in6 from6, dst6; struct cmsghdr *scmsg = NULL; struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL; struct icmp6_filter filt; struct passwd *pw; socklen_t maxsizelen; int64_t preload; int ch, i, optval = 1, packlen, maxsize, error, s, flooddone = 0; int df = 0, tos = 0, bufspace = IP_MAXPACKET, hoplimit = -1, mflag = 0; u_char *datap, *packet; u_char ttl = MAXTTL; char *e, *target, hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], *source = NULL; char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ const char *errstr; double fraction, integral, seconds; uid_t ouid, uid; gid_t gid; u_int rtableid = 0; extern char *__progname; /* Cannot pledge due to special setsockopt()s below */ if (unveil("/", "r") == -1) err(1, "unveil /"); if (unveil(NULL, NULL) == -1) err(1, "unveil"); if (strcmp("ping6", __progname) == 0) { v6flag = 1; maxpayload = MAXPAYLOAD6; if ((s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) == -1) err(1, "socket"); } else { if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) == -1) err(1, "socket"); } /* revoke privs */ ouid = getuid(); if (ouid == 0 && (pw = getpwnam(PING_USER)) != NULL) { uid = pw->pw_uid; gid = pw->pw_gid; } else { uid = getuid(); gid = getgid(); } if (ouid && (setgroups(1, &gid) || setresgid(gid, gid, gid) || setresuid(uid, uid, uid))) err(1, "unable to revoke privs"); preload = 0; datap = &outpack[ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN]; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, v6flag ? "c:DdEefgHh:I:i:Ll:mNnp:qS:s:T:V:vw:" : "DEI:LRS:c:defgHi:l:np:qs:T:t:V:vw:")) != -1) { switch(ch) { case 'c': npackets = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT64_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "number of packets to transmit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'D': options |= F_HDRINCL; df = 1; break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'E': options |= F_AUD_MISS; break; case 'e': options |= F_AUD_RECV; break; case 'f': if (ouid) errc(1, EPERM, NULL); options |= F_FLOOD; setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0); break; case 'g': options |= F_SHOWCHAR; break; case 'H': options |= F_HOSTNAME; break; case 'h': /* hoplimit */ hoplimit = strtonum(optarg, 0, IPV6_MAXHLIM, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "hoplimit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'I': case 'S': /* deprecated */ source = optarg; break; case 'i': /* interval between packets */ seconds = strtod(optarg, &e); if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0' || seconds < 0.0) errx(1, "interval is invalid: %s", optarg); fraction = modf(seconds, &integral); if (integral > UINT_MAX) errx(1, "interval is too large: %s", optarg); interval.tv_sec = integral; interval.tv_usec = fraction * 1000000.0; if (!timerisset(&interval)) errx(1, "interval is too small: %s", optarg); if (interval.tv_sec < 1 && ouid != 0) { errx(1, "only root may use an interval smaller" " than one second"); } options |= F_INTERVAL; break; case 'L': moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; break; case 'l': if (ouid) errc(1, EPERM, NULL); preload = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT64_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "preload value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'm': mflag++; break; case 'n': options &= ~F_HOSTNAME; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; fill((char *)datap, optarg); break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ datalen = strtonum(optarg, 0, maxpayload, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "packet size is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; #ifndef SMALL case 'T': options |= F_HDRINCL; options |= F_TOS; errno = 0; errstr = NULL; if (map_tos(optarg, &tos)) break; if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' && optarg[1] == 'x') tos = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 16); else tos = strtonum(optarg, 0, 255, &errstr); if (tos < 0 || tos > 255 || errstr || errno) errx(1, "illegal tos value %s", optarg); break; #endif /* SMALL */ case 't': options |= F_TTL; ttl = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "ttl value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'V': rtableid = strtonum(optarg, 0, RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "rtable value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE"); break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; case 'w': maxwait = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "maxwait value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; default: usage(); } } if (ouid == 0 && (setgroups(1, &gid) || setresgid(gid, gid, gid) || setresuid(uid, uid, uid))) err(1, "unable to revoke privs"); argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc != 1) usage(); memset(&dst4, 0, sizeof(dst4)); memset(&dst6, 0, sizeof(dst6)); target = *argv; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = v6flag ? AF_INET6 : AF_INET; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW; hints.ai_protocol = 0; hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME; if ((error = getaddrinfo(target, NULL, &hints, &res))) errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error)); switch (res->ai_family) { case AF_INET: dst = (struct sockaddr *)&dst4; from = (struct sockaddr *)&from4; break; case AF_INET6: dst = (struct sockaddr *)&dst6; from = (struct sockaddr *)&from6; break; default: errx(1, "unsupported AF: %d", res->ai_family); break; } memcpy(dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen); if (!hostname) { hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : target; if (!hostname) err(1, "malloc"); } if (res->ai_next) { if (getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0) strlcpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf)); warnx("Warning: %s has multiple " "addresses; using %s", hostname, hbuf); } freeaddrinfo(res); if (source) { memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = dst->sa_family; if ((error = getaddrinfo(source, NULL, &hints, &res))) errx(1, "%s: %s", source, gai_strerror(error)); memcpy(from, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen); freeaddrinfo(res); if (!v6flag && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst4.sin_addr.s_addr))) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &from4.sin_addr, sizeof(from4.sin_addr)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); } else { if (bind(s, from, from->sa_len) == -1) err(1, "bind"); } } else if (options & F_VERBOSE) { /* * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this. */ int dummy; socklen_t len = dst->sa_len; if ((dummy = socket(dst->sa_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) err(1, "UDP socket"); memcpy(from, dst, dst->sa_len); if (v6flag) { from6.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT); if (pktinfo && setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, pktinfo, sizeof(*pktinfo))) err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); if (hoplimit != -1 && setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit))) err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)"); if (hoplimit != -1 && setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit))) err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)"); } else { u_char loop = 0; from4.sin_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT); if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); } if (rtableid > 0 && setsockopt(dummy, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RTABLE)"); if (connect(dummy, from, len) == -1) err(1, "UDP connect"); if (getsockname(dummy, from, &len) == -1) err(1, "getsockname"); close(dummy); } if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, &optval, sizeof(optval)); if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL)) errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & (F_AUD_RECV | F_AUD_MISS))) warnx("No audible output for flood pings"); if (datalen >= sizeof(struct payload)) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; if (v6flag) { /* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/ if ((options & F_VERBOSE) && datalen < 2048) /* XXX 2048? */ packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ECHOLEN + EXTRA; else packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ECHOLEN + EXTRA; } else packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; if (!(packet = malloc(packlen))) err(1, "malloc"); if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) for (i = ECHOTMLEN; i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = arc4random() & 0xFFFF; /* * When trying to send large packets, you must increase the * size of both the send and receive buffers... */ maxsizelen = sizeof maxsize; if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &maxsize, &maxsizelen) == -1) err(1, "getsockopt"); if (maxsize < packlen && setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(maxsize)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt"); /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. */ while (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)) == -1) { if ((bufspace -= 1024) <= 0) err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size"); } if (bufspace < IP_MAXPACKET) warnx("Could only allocate a receive buffer of %d bytes " "(default %d)", bufspace, IP_MAXPACKET); if (v6flag) { unsigned int loop = 0; /* * let the kernel pass extension headers of incoming packets, * for privileged socket options */ if (options & F_VERBOSE) { int opton = 1; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton, sizeof(opton))) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)"); if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton, sizeof(opton))) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)"); if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton, sizeof(opton))) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)"); ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt); } else { ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt); ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt); } if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP"); optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM; if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst6.sin6_addr)) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS"); } if (mflag != 1) { optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)"); } else { optval = 1; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)"); } if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt, sizeof(filt)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)"); if (hoplimit != -1) { /* set IP6 packet options */ if ((scmsg = malloc( CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)))) == NULL) err(1, "malloc"); smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg; smsghdr.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)); scmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)); scmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6; scmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT; *(int *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsg)) = hoplimit; } if (options & F_TOS) { optval = tos; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_TCLASS)"); } if (df) { optval = 1; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DONTFRAG, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DONTFRAG)"); } optval = 1; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); } else { u_char loop = 0; if (options & F_TTL) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst4.sin_addr.s_addr))) moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL; else options |= F_HDRINCL; } if ((options & F_RROUTE) && (options & F_HDRINCL)) errx(1, "-R option and -D or -T, or -t to unicast" " destinations are incompatible"); if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt(IP_HDRINCL)"); ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2; ip->ip_tos = tos; ip->ip_id = 0; ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0); ip->ip_ttl = ttl; ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; if (source) ip->ip_src = from4.sin_addr; else ip->ip_src.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; ip->ip_dst = dst4.sin_addr; } /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst4.sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(1, "record route not valid to multicast" " destinations"); memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace)); rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) == -1) err(1, "record route"); } if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); } if (options & F_HOSTNAME) { if (pledge("stdio inet dns", NULL) == -1) err(1, "pledge"); } else { if (pledge("stdio inet", NULL) == -1) err(1, "pledge"); } arc4random_buf(&tv64_offset, sizeof(tv64_offset)); arc4random_buf(&mac_key, sizeof(mac_key)); printf("PING %s (", hostname); if (options & F_VERBOSE) printf("%s --> ", pr_addr(from, from->sa_len)); printf("%s): %d data bytes\n", pr_addr(dst, dst->sa_len), datalen); smsghdr.msg_name = dst; smsghdr.msg_namelen = dst->sa_len; smsgiov.iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack; smsghdr.msg_iov = &smsgiov; smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1; /* Drain our socket. */ (void)signal(SIGALRM, onsignal); memset(&itimer, 0, sizeof(itimer)); itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1; /* make sure we don't get stuck */ (void)setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL); for (;;) { struct msghdr m; union { struct cmsghdr hdr; u_char buf[CMSG_SPACE(1024)]; } cmsgbuf; struct iovec iov[1]; struct pollfd pfd; struct sockaddr_in peer4; struct sockaddr_in6 peer6; ssize_t cc; if (seenalrm) break; pfd.fd = s; pfd.events = POLLIN; if (poll(&pfd, 1, 0) <= 0) break; if (v6flag) { m.msg_name = &peer6; m.msg_namelen = sizeof(peer6); } else { m.msg_name = &peer4; m.msg_namelen = sizeof(peer4); } memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov)); iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet; iov[0].iov_len = packlen; m.msg_iov = iov; m.msg_iovlen = 1; m.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf; m.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf); cc = recvmsg(s, &m, 0); if (cc == -1 && errno != EINTR) break; } memset(&itimer, 0, sizeof(itimer)); (void)setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL); while (preload--) /* Fire off them quickies. */ pinger(s); (void)signal(SIGINT, onsignal); (void)signal(SIGINFO, onsignal); if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)signal(SIGALRM, onsignal); itimer.it_interval = interval; itimer.it_value = interval; (void)setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL); if (ntransmitted == 0) retransmit(s); } seenalrm = seenint = 0; seeninfo = 0; for (;;) { struct msghdr m; union { struct cmsghdr hdr; u_char buf[CMSG_SPACE(1024)]; } cmsgbuf; struct iovec iov[1]; struct pollfd pfd; struct sockaddr_in peer4; struct sockaddr_in6 peer6; ssize_t cc; int timeout; /* signal handling */ if (seenint) break; if (seenalrm) { if (flooddone) break; retransmit(s); seenalrm = 0; if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) { nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1; if (!(options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_AUD_MISS)) fputc('\a', stderr); if ((options & F_SHOWCHAR) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { putchar('.'); fflush(stdout); } } continue; } if (seeninfo) { summary(); seeninfo = 0; continue; } if ((options & F_FLOOD && !flooddone)) { if (pinger(s) != 0) { (void)signal(SIGALRM, onsignal); timeout = INFTIM; memset(&itimer, 0, sizeof(itimer)); if (nreceived) { itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (itimer.it_value.tv_sec == 0) itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1; } else itimer.it_value.tv_sec = maxwait; (void)setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL); /* When the alarm goes off we are done. */ flooddone = 1; } else timeout = 10; } else timeout = INFTIM; pfd.fd = s; pfd.events = POLLIN; if (poll(&pfd, 1, timeout) <= 0) continue; if (v6flag) { m.msg_name = &peer6; m.msg_namelen = sizeof(peer6); } else { m.msg_name = &peer4; m.msg_namelen = sizeof(peer4); } memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov)); iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet; iov[0].iov_len = packlen; m.msg_iov = iov; m.msg_iovlen = 1; m.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf; m.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf); cc = recvmsg(s, &m, 0); if (cc == -1) { if (errno != EINTR) { warn("recvmsg"); sleep(1); } continue; } else if (cc == 0) { int mtu; /* * receive control messages only. Process the * exceptions (currently the only possibility is * a path MTU notification.) */ if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m, &dst6)) > 0) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) { printf("new path MTU (%d) is " "notified\n", mtu); } } continue; } else pr_pack(packet, cc, &m); if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) break; } summary(); exit(nreceived == 0); } void onsignal(int sig) { switch (sig) { case SIGALRM: seenalrm++; break; case SIGINT: seenint++; break; case SIGINFO: seeninfo++; break; } } void fill(char *bp, char *patp) { int ii, jj, kk; int pat[16]; char *cp; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)*cp)) errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); printf("\n"); } } void summary(void) { printf("\n--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); printf("%lld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); printf("%lld packets received, ", nreceived); if (nrepeats) printf("%lld duplicates, ", nrepeats); if (ntransmitted) { if (nreceived > ntransmitted) printf("-- somebody's duplicating packets!"); else printf("%.1f%% packet loss", ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / ntransmitted)); } printf("\n"); if (timinginfo) { /* Only display average to microseconds */ double num = nreceived + nrepeats; double avg = tsum / num; double dev = sqrt(fmax(0, tsumsq / num - avg * avg)); printf("round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", tmin, avg, tmax, dev); } } /* * pr_addr -- * Return address in numeric form or a host name */ const char * pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) { static char buf[NI_MAXHOST]; int flag = 0; if (!(options & F_HOSTNAME)) flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST; if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flag) == 0) return (buf); else return "?"; } /* * retransmit -- * This routine transmits another ping. */ void retransmit(int s) { struct itimerval itimer; static int last_time; if (last_time) { seenint = 1; /* break out of ping event loop */ return; } if (pinger(s) == 0) return; /* * If we're not transmitting any more packets, change the timer * to wait two round-trip times if we've received any packets or * maxwait seconds if we haven't. */ memset(&itimer, 0, sizeof(itimer)); if (nreceived) { itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (itimer.it_value.tv_sec == 0) itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1; } else itimer.it_value.tv_sec = maxwait; (void)setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL); /* When the alarm goes off we are done. */ last_time = 1; } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is a random number, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ int pinger(int s) { struct icmp *icp = NULL; struct icmp6_hdr *icp6 = NULL; int cc, i; u_int16_t seq; if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets) return(-1); /* no more transmission */ seq = htons(ntransmitted++); if (v6flag) { icp6 = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack; memset(icp6, 0, sizeof(*icp6)); icp6->icmp6_cksum = 0; icp6->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST; icp6->icmp6_code = 0; icp6->icmp6_id = ident; icp6->icmp6_seq = seq; } else { icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icp->icmp_code = 0; icp->icmp_cksum = 0; icp->icmp_seq = seq; icp->icmp_id = ident; } CLR(ntohs(seq) % mx_dup_ck); if (timing) { SIPHASH_CTX ctx; struct timespec ts; struct payload payload; struct tv64 *tv64 = &payload.tv64; if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == -1) err(1, "clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"); tv64->tv64_sec = htobe64((u_int64_t)ts.tv_sec + tv64_offset.tv64_sec); tv64->tv64_nsec = htobe64((u_int64_t)ts.tv_nsec + tv64_offset.tv64_nsec); SipHash24_Init(&ctx, &mac_key); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, tv64, sizeof(*tv64)); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, &ident, sizeof(ident)); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, &seq, sizeof(seq)); SipHash24_Final(&payload.mac, &ctx); memcpy(&outpack[ECHOLEN], &payload, sizeof(payload)); } cc = ECHOLEN + datalen; if (!v6flag) { /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr; smsgiov.iov_base = (caddr_t)outpackhdr; cc += sizeof(struct ip); ip->ip_len = htons(cc); ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc); } } smsgiov.iov_len = cc; i = sendmsg(s, &smsghdr, 0); if (i == -1 || i != cc) { if (i == -1) warn("sendmsg"); printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i); } if (!(options & F_QUIET) && (options & F_FLOOD)) write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); return (0); } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ void pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr) { struct ip *ip = NULL; struct icmp *icp = NULL; struct icmp6_hdr *icp6 = NULL; struct timespec ts, tp; struct payload payload; struct sockaddr *from; socklen_t fromlen; double triptime = 0; int i, dupflag; int hlen = -1, hoplim = -1, echo_reply = 0; u_int16_t seq; u_char *cp, *dp; char* pkttime; if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == -1) err(1, "clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"); if (v6flag) { if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name || mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) || ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("invalid peername"); return; } from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name; fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen; if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen)); return; } icp6 = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf; if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) { warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit"); return; } if (icp6->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY) { if (icp6->icmp6_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ seq = icp6->icmp6_seq; echo_reply = 1; pkttime = (char *)(icp6 + 1); } } else { if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name || mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) || ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("invalid peername"); return; } from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name; fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen; /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *)buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen)); return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { if (icp->icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ seq = icp->icmp_seq; echo_reply = 1; pkttime = (char *)icp->icmp_data; } } if (echo_reply) { ++nreceived; if (cc >= ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN) { SIPHASH_CTX ctx; struct tv64 *tv64; u_int8_t mac[SIPHASH_DIGEST_LENGTH]; memcpy(&payload, pkttime, sizeof(payload)); tv64 = &payload.tv64; SipHash24_Init(&ctx, &mac_key); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, tv64, sizeof(*tv64)); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, &ident, sizeof(ident)); SipHash24_Update(&ctx, &seq, sizeof(seq)); SipHash24_Final(mac, &ctx); if (timingsafe_memcmp(mac, &payload.mac, sizeof(mac)) != 0) { printf("signature mismatch from %s: " "icmp_seq=%u\n", pr_addr(from, fromlen), ntohs(seq)); --nreceived; return; } timinginfo=1; tp.tv_sec = betoh64(tv64->tv64_sec) - tv64_offset.tv64_sec; tp.tv_nsec = betoh64(tv64->tv64_nsec) - tv64_offset.tv64_nsec; timespecsub(&ts, &tp, &ts); triptime = ((double)ts.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + ((double)ts.tv_nsec) / 1000000.0; tsum += triptime; tsumsq += triptime * triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(ntohs(seq) % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(ntohs(seq) % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_FLOOD) write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); else if (options & F_SHOWCHAR) { if (dupflag) putchar('D'); else if (cc - ECHOLEN < datalen) putchar('T'); else putchar('!'); } else { printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen), ntohs(seq)); if (v6flag) printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim); else printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); if (cc >= ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN) printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); if (dupflag) printf(" (DUP!)"); /* check the data */ if (cc - ECHOLEN < datalen) printf(" (TRUNC!)"); if (v6flag) cp = buf + ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN; else cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[ECHOTMLEN]; dp = &outpack[ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN]; for (i = ECHOLEN + ECHOTMLEN; i < cc && i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { if (*cp != *dp) { printf("\nwrong data byte #%d " "should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i - ECHOLEN, *dp, *cp); if (v6flag) cp = buf + ECHOLEN; else cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[0]; for (i = ECHOLEN; i < cc && i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) printf("\n\t"); printf("%x ", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) return; printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen)); if (v6flag) pr_icmph6(icp6, buf + cc); else pr_icmph(icp); } /* Display any IP options */ if (!v6flag && hlen > sizeof(struct ip)) pr_ipopt(hlen, buf); if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { if (!(options & F_SHOWCHAR)) { putchar('\n'); if (v6flag && (options & F_VERBOSE)) pr_exthdrs(mhdr); } fflush(stdout); if (options & F_AUD_RECV) fputc('\a', stderr); } } void pr_ipopt(int hlen, u_char *buf) { static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct sockaddr_in s_in; in_addr_t l; u_int i, j; u_char *cp; cp = buf + sizeof(struct ip); s_in.sin_len = sizeof(s_in); s_in.sin_family = AF_INET; for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) { switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: printf("\nLSRR: "); hlen -= 2; j = *++cp; ++cp; i = 0; if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) { for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else { s_in.sin_addr.s_addr = ntohl(l); printf("\t%s", pr_addr((struct sockaddr*) &s_in, sizeof(s_in))); } hlen -= 4; j -= 4; i += 4; if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) break; if (i >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; } putchar('\n'); } } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (i == old_rrlen && cp == buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { printf("\t(same route)"); i = (i + 3) & ~0x3; hlen -= i; cp += i; break; } if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) { old_rrlen = i; memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); } else old_rrlen = 0; printf("\nRR: "); j = 0; for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else { s_in.sin_addr.s_addr = ntohl(l); printf("\t%s", pr_addr((struct sockaddr*)&s_in, sizeof(s_in))); } hlen -= 4; i -= 4; j += 4; if (i <= 0) break; if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; } putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: printf("\nNOP"); break; default: printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); if (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] > 0 && (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1) <= hlen) { hlen = hlen - (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1); cp = cp + (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1); } else hlen = 0; break; } } } /* * in_cksum -- * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ int in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len) { int nleft = len; u_short *w = addr; int sum = 0; u_short answer = 0; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; sum += answer; } /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return(answer); } /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ void pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp) { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: if (icp->icmp_nextmtu != 0) printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); else printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN: printf("Network Unknown\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN: printf("Host Unknown\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED: printf("Source Isolated\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: printf("Dest. Net Administratively Prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB: printf("Dest. Host Administratively Prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET: printf("Destination Net Unreachable for TOS\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST: printf("Destination Host Unreachable for TOS\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: printf("Route administratively prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE: printf("Host Precedence Violation\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF: printf("Precedence Cutoff\n"); break; default: printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: printf("Source Quench\n"); pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: printf("Redirect, Unknown Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); break; case ICMP_ECHO: printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: /* RFC1256 */ printf("Router Discovery Advertisement\n"); printf("(%d entries, lifetime %d seconds)\n", icp->icmp_num_addrs, ntohs(icp->icmp_lifetime)); break; case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: /* RFC1256 */ printf("Router Discovery Solicitation\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: printf("Time exceeded, Unknown Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT: printf("Parameter problem, required option " "absent: pointer = 0x%02x\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr)); break; default: printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr)); break; } pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_MASKREQ: printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; case ICMP_MASKREPLY: printf("Address Mask Reply (Mask 0x%08x)\n", ntohl(icp->icmp_mask)); break; default: printf("Unknown ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ void pr_iph(struct ip *ip) { int hlen; u_char *cp; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump and option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20) { printf("%02x", *cp++); } putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_retip -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ void pr_retip(struct ip *ip) { int hlen; u_char *cp; pr_iph(ip); hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; if (ip->ip_p == 6) printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); else if (ip->ip_p == 17) printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); } #ifndef SMALL int map_tos(char *key, int *val) { /* DiffServ Codepoints and other TOS mappings */ const struct toskeywords { const char *keyword; int val; } *t, toskeywords[] = { { "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 }, { "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 }, { "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 }, { "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 }, { "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 }, { "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 }, { "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 }, { "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 }, { "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 }, { "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 }, { "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 }, { "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 }, { "critical", IPTOS_PREC_CRITIC_ECP }, { "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 }, { "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 }, { "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 }, { "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 }, { "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 }, { "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 }, { "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 }, { "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 }, { "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF }, { "inetcontrol", IPTOS_PREC_INTERNETCONTROL }, { "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY }, { "netcontrol", IPTOS_PREC_NETCONTROL }, { "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY }, { "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT }, { NULL, -1 }, }; for (t = toskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) { if (strcmp(key, t->keyword) == 0) { *val = t->val; return (1); } } return (0); } #endif /* SMALL */ void pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr) { struct cmsghdr *cm; for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6) continue; switch (cm->cmsg_type) { case IPV6_HOPOPTS: printf(" HbH Options: "); pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm)); break; case IPV6_DSTOPTS: case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS: printf(" Dst Options: "); pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm)); break; case IPV6_RTHDR: printf(" Routing: "); pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm)); break; } } } void pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf) { struct ip6_hbh *ext; int currentlen; u_int8_t type; size_t extlen; socklen_t len; void *databuf; u_int16_t value2; u_int32_t value4; ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf; extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8; printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt, (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen); currentlen = 0; while (1) { currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen, &type, &len, &databuf); if (currentlen == -1) break; switch (type) { /* * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding * options. */ case IP6OPT_JUMBO: inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, 0, &value4, sizeof(value4)); printf(" Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n", (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4)); break; case IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT: inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, 0, &value2, sizeof(value2)); printf(" Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n", ntohs(value2)); break; default: printf(" Received Opt %u len %lu\n", type, (unsigned long)len); break; } } return; } void pr_rthdr(void *extbuf) { struct in6_addr *in6; char ntopbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf; int i, segments; /* print fixed part of the header */ printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt, rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type); if ((segments = inet6_rth_segments(extbuf)) >= 0) printf("%d segments, ", segments); else printf("segments unknown, "); printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft); for (i = 0; i < segments; i++) { in6 = inet6_rth_getaddr(extbuf, i); if (in6 == NULL) printf(" [%d]\n", i); else { if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, in6, ntopbuf, sizeof(ntopbuf))) strncpy(ntopbuf, "?", sizeof(ntopbuf)); printf(" [%d]%s\n", i, ntopbuf); } } return; } int get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr) { struct cmsghdr *cm; for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { if (cm->cmsg_len == 0) return(-1); if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT && cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm)); } return(-1); } int get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr, struct sockaddr_in6 *dst) { struct cmsghdr *cm; struct ip6_mtuinfo *mtuctl = NULL; for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { if (cm->cmsg_len == 0) return(0); if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU && cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) { mtuctl = (struct ip6_mtuinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm); /* * If the notified destination is different from * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info. * We check the scope ID only when both notified value * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may * have used the default scope zone ID for sending, * in which case the scope ID value is 0. */ if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_addr, &dst->sin6_addr) || (mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id && dst->sin6_scope_id && mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id != dst->sin6_scope_id)) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) { printf("path MTU for %s is notified. " "(ignored)\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *) &mtuctl->ip6m_addr, sizeof(mtuctl->ip6m_addr))); } return(0); } /* * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe * the kernel check? */ if (mtuctl->ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU) return(0); /* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */ return((int)mtuctl->ip6m_mtu); } } return(0); } /* * pr_icmph6 -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ void pr_icmph6(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end) { char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; struct nd_redirect *red; switch (icp->icmp6_type) { case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH: switch (icp->icmp6_code) { case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE: printf("No Route to Destination\n"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN: printf("Destination Administratively " "Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE: printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR: printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT: printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; default: printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp6_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ pr_retip6((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end); break; case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG: printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n", (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu)); pr_retip6((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end); break; case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED: switch (icp->icmp6_code) { case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT: printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY: printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp6_code); break; } pr_retip6((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end); break; case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB: printf("Parameter problem: "); switch (icp->icmp6_code) { case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER: printf("Erroneous Header "); break; case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER: printf("Unknown Nextheader "); break; case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION: printf("Unrecognized Option "); break; default: printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code); break; } printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n", (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr)); pr_retip6((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end); break; case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST: printf("Echo Request"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY: printf("Echo Reply"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY: printf("Listener Query"); break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT: printf("Listener Report"); break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION: printf("Listener Done"); break; case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT: printf("Router Solicitation"); break; case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT: printf("Router Advertisement"); break; case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT: printf("Neighbor Solicitation"); break; case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT: printf("Neighbor Advertisement"); break; case ND_REDIRECT: red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp; printf("Redirect\n"); if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))) strncpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf)); printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf); if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))) strncpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf)); printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf); break; default: printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type); } } /* * pr_iph6 -- * Print an IP6 header. */ void pr_iph6(struct ip6_hdr *ip6) { u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK; u_int8_t tc; char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */ tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f; tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4); printf("Vr TC Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n"); printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x %02x %02x\n", (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow), ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim); if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))) strncpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf)); printf("%s->", ntop_buf); if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf))) strncpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf)); printf("%s\n", ntop_buf); } /* * pr_retip6 -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet. */ void pr_retip6(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end) { u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh; int hlen; if (end - (u_char *)ip6 < sizeof(*ip6)) { printf("IP6"); goto trunc; } pr_iph6(ip6); hlen = sizeof(*ip6); nh = ip6->ip6_nxt; cp += hlen; while (end - cp >= 8) { switch (nh) { case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS: printf("HBH "); hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3; nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt; break; case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS: printf("DSTOPT "); hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3; nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt; break; case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT: printf("FRAG "); hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag); nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt; break; case IPPROTO_ROUTING: printf("RTHDR "); hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3; nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt; break; case IPPROTO_AH: printf("AH "); hlen = (((struct ah *)cp)->ah_hl+2) << 2; nh = ((struct ah *)cp)->ah_nh; break; case IPPROTO_ICMPV6: printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n", *cp, *(cp + 1)); return; case IPPROTO_ESP: printf("ESP\n"); return; case IPPROTO_TCP: printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); return; case IPPROTO_UDP: printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); return; default: printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh); return; } if ((cp += hlen) >= end) goto trunc; } if (end - cp < 8) goto trunc; putchar('\n'); return; trunc: printf("...\n"); return; } __dead void usage(void) { if (v6flag) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: ping6 [-DdEefgHLmnqv] [-c count] [-h hoplimit] " "[-I sourceaddr]\n\t[-i interval] [-l preload] " "[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-T toskeyword]\n" "\t[-V rtable] [-w maxwait] host\n"); } else { fprintf(stderr, "usage: ping [-DdEefgHLnqRv] [-c count] [-I sourceaddr] " "[-i interval]\n\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize]" #ifndef SMALL " [-T toskeyword]" #endif /* SMALL */ "\n\t[-t ttl] [-V rtable] [-w maxwait] host\n"); } exit(1); }