.\" $OpenBSD: sppp.4,v 1.28 2023/03/23 12:43:38 stsp Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1997 Joerg Wunsch .\" .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: March 23 2023 $ .Dt SPPP 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm sppp .Nd PPP and Link Control Protocol .Sh SYNOPSIS .Cd "pseudo-device sppp" Op Ar count .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm network layer implements the state machine and Link Control Protocol (LCP) of the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) as described in RFC 1661. Note that this layer does not provide network interfaces of its own, it is rather intended to be layered on top of drivers providing a point-to-point connection that wish to run a PPP stack over it. The corresponding network interfaces have to be provided by these hardware drivers. .Pp The .Nm layer provides three basic modes of operation. The default mode, with no special flags set, is to create the PPP connection (administrative .Em Open event to the LCP layer) as soon as the interface is taken up with the .Xr ifconfig 8 command. Taking the interface down again will terminate the LCP layer and thus all other layers on top. The link will also terminate itself as soon as no Network Control Protocol (NCP) is open anymore, indicating that the lower layers are no longer needed. .Pp Setting the link-level flag .Cm link0 with .Xr ifconfig 8 will cause the respective network interface to go into .Em passive mode. This means the administrative .Em Open event to the LCP layer will be delayed until after the lower layers signal an .Em Up event (rise of .Dq carrier ) . This can be used by the lower layers to support a dial-in connection where the physical layer isn't available immediately at startup, but only after some external event arrives. Receipt of a .Em Down event from the lower layer will not take the interface completely down in this case. .Pp Finally, setting the flag .Cm link1 will cause the interface to operate in .Em dial-on-demand mode. This is also only useful if the lower layers support the notion of a carrier (like with an ISDN line). Upon configuring the respective interface, it will delay the administrative .Em Open event to the LCP layer until either an outbound network packet arrives, or until the lower layers signal an .Em Up event, indicating an inbound connection. As with passive mode, receipt of a .Em Down event (loss of carrier) will not automatically take the interface down, thus it remains available for further connections. .Pp The .Nm layer supports the .Em debug interface flag, which can be set with .Xr ifconfig 8 . If this flag is set, the various control protocol packets being exchanged as well as the option negotiation between both ends of the link will be logged at level .Dv LOG_DEBUG . This can be helpful to examine configuration problems during the first attempts to set up a new configuration. Without this flag being set, only the major phase transitions will be logged at level .Dv LOG_INFO . .Pp It is possible to leave the local interface IP address open for negotiation by setting it to 0.0.0.0. This requires that the remote peer can correctly supply a value for it based on the identity of the caller, or on the remote address supplied by this side. Due to the way the IPCP option negotiation works, this address is supplied late during the negotiation, which could cause the remote peer to make false assumptions. .Pp In a similar spirit the remote address can be set to a magical value in the range 0.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.255, which means that we don't care what address the remote side will use, as long as it is not 0.0.0.0. This is useful if your ISP has several dial-in servers. You can of course .Ic route add something or other 0.0.0.1 and it will do exactly what you would want it to. .Pp Once a connection is established, the device will send out a nameserver proposal, which .Xr resolvd 8 can act on. If during IPCP negotiation no DNS server options were exchanged, the nameserver proposal will be empty. .Pp The PAP and CHAP authentication protocols, as described in RFCs 1334 and 1994, respectively, are also implemented. Their parameters are controlled by the .Xr ifconfig 8 utility. .Sh EXAMPLES Display the settings for pppoe0. The interface is currently in the .Em establish phase and tries to connect to the remote peer; other possible PPP phases are .Em dead , .Em authenticate , .Em network , or .Em terminate . Both ends of the connection use the CHAP protocol, the local client tells the remote peer the system name .Ql uriah , and the peer is expected to authenticate by the name .Ql ifb-gw . Once the initial CHAP handshake has been successful, no further CHAP challenges will be transmitted. There are supposedly some known CHAP secrets for both ends of the link which are not displayed. .Bd -literal -offset indent $ ifconfig pppoe0 pppoe0: flags=8851 mtu 1492 dev: em0 state: PADI sent sid: 0x0 PADI retries: 0 PADR retries: 0 sppp: phase establish authproto chap authname "uriah" \e peerproto chap peername "ifb-gw" norechallenge groups: pppoe inet 0.0.0.0 --> 0.0.0.1 netmask 0xffffffff .Ed .Pp A possible call to .Xr ifconfig 8 that could have been used to bring the interface into the state shown by the previous example: .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig em0 up # ifconfig pppoe0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.1 netmask 0xffffffff \e pppoedev em0 \e authproto chap authname uriah authkey "some secret" \e peerproto chap peername "ifb-gw" peerkey "another" \e peerflag norechallenge \e up .Ed .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Bl -diag .It : illegal in state An event happened that should not happen for the current state the respective control protocol is in. See RFC 1661 for a description of the state automaton. .It : loopback The state automaton detected a line loopback (that is, it was talking with itself). The interface will be temporarily disabled. .It : up The LCP layer is running again, after a line loopback had previously been detected. .It : down The keepalive facility detected the line being unresponsive. Keepalive must be explicitly requested by the lower layers in order to take place. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr inet 4 , .Xr pppoe 4 , .Xr ifconfig 8 .Sh STANDARDS .Rs .%A G. McGregor .%D May 1992 .%R RFC 1332 .%T The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) .Re .Pp .Rs .%A B. Lloyd .%A W. Simpson .%D October 1992 .%R RFC 1334 .%T PPP Authentication Protocols .Re .Pp .Rs .%A W. Simpson .%D July 1994 .%R RFC 1661 .%T The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) .Re .Pp .Rs .%A S. Cobb .%D December 1995 .%R RFC 1877 .%T PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol Extensions for Name Server Addresses .Re .Pp .Rs .%A W. Simpson .%D August 1996 .%R RFC 1994 .%T PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) .Re .Pp .Rs .%A S. Varada .%A D. Haskins .%A E. Allen .%D September 2007 .%R RFC 5072 .%T IP Version 6 over PPP .Re .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit The original implementation of .Nm was written in 1994 at Cronyx Ltd., Moscow, by .An Serge Vakulenko Aq Mt vak@cronyx.ru . .An Joerg Wunsch Aq Mt joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de rewrote a large part in 1997 in order to fully implement the state machine as described in RFC 1661, so it could also be used for dialup lines. He also wrote the initial version of this man page. Serge later on wrote a basic implementation for PAP and CHAP, which served as the base for the current implementation, done again by Joerg Wunsch. .Pp .An Reyk Floeter implemented .Nm support for .Xr ifconfig 8 in .Ox 4.0 in order to remove the original .Ql spppcontrol utility, which was previously used to configure and display the .Nm settings. .Sh BUGS Many. .Pp Negotiation loop avoidance is not fully implemented. If the negotiation doesn't converge, this can cause an endless loop. .Pp The various parameters that should be adjustable per RFC 1661 are currently hard-coded into the kernel, and should be made accessible through .Xr ifconfig 8 . .Pp .Em Passive mode has not been tested extensively. .Pp More NCPs should be implemented, as well as other control protocols for authentication and link quality reporting. .Pp IPCP should support VJ header compression. .Pp Link-level compression protocols should be supported.