.\"	$OpenBSD: sticky.8,v 1.11 2023/05/24 15:48:11 op Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: sticky.8,v 1.3 1994/11/30 19:36:27 jtc Exp $
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.\"     @(#)sticky.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: May 24 2023 $
.Dt STICKY 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sticky
.Nd sticky text and append-only directories
.Sh DESCRIPTION
A special file mode, called the
.Em sticky bit
.Pq mode Dv S_ISVTX ,
is used to indicate special treatment for files and directories.
See
.Xr chmod 2
or
the file
.Pa /usr/include/sys/stat.h
for an explanation of file modes.
.Sh STICKY FILES
Historically, an executable shareable file which had the sticky bit set
was not immediately discarded from swap space after execution.
The kernel hoarded the text segment of the file for future reuse,
thus avoiding having to reload the program.
This is no longer true on modern systems;
the current virtual memory system keeps track of recently used executables,
making the sticky bit for files redundant.
The sticky bit can still be set on files, but without any effect.
.Pp
Only the superuser can set the sticky bit on a file,
though the owner of the file may clear the sticky bit.
.Sh STICKY DIRECTORIES
A directory with the
.Sq sticky bit
set places restrictions on file deletion:
a file in a sticky directory may only be removed or renamed
by a user if the user has write permission for the directory and
the user is the owner of the file, the owner of the directory,
or the superuser.
This feature is usefully applied to directories such as
.Pa /tmp
which must be publicly writable but
should deny users the license to arbitrarily
delete or rename each others' files.
.Pp
Any user may create a sticky directory.
See
.Xr chmod 1
for details about modifying file modes.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
.At 32v .
.Sh BUGS
Neither
.Xr open 2
nor
.Xr mkdir 2
will create a file with the sticky bit set.