# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.76 2024/10/02 17:08:47 millert Exp $ # tzdb data for Africa and environs # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: # Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), # page 752, 18b. # # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". # # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time # +02 CAT Central Africa Time # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: # +01 WAT West Africa Time # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but # cannot now come up with solid citations. # # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time # +03 EAT East Africa Time # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. # Corrections are welcome. # Algeria # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 1:00 - CET # Angola # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 1:00 - WAT # Benin # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 1:00 - WAT # Botswana # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - CAT # Burkina Faso # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Burundi # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 2:00 - CAT # Cameroon # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde # # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. # Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 -1:00 - %z # Central African Republic # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Chad # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 1:00 - WAT # Comoros # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT # Democratic Republic of the Congo # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 2:00 - CAT # Republic of the Congo # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): # on GMT, says the CIA # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00 - GMT # Djibouti # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT ############################################################################### # Egypt # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." # # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 # or # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday # after observing the daylight saving time since May. # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): # # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Apr 23 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = # Apr 24 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= # :59) # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ # # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. # # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday # in September. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet # Information and Decision Support Center: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html # # The Middle East News Agency # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine # (at least today). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during # Ramadan. # # Arabic translation: # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but # dates not yet announced.... # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at # least for 2015. # # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the # practice altogether in future years." # # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, # From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): # Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be # applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): # Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. # From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): # https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT # Equatorial Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 1:00 - WAT # Eritrea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST # Ethiopia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Gabon # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # The Gambia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 0:00 - GMT # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 0:00 Ghana %s # Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 0:00 - GMT # Guinea-Bissau # # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u -1:00 - %z 1975 0:00 - GMT # Kenya # From P Chan (2020-10-24): # # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 # # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 # # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 # # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 # # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, # so just say "1908 May". # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 3:00 - EAT # Lesotho # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - SAST # Liberia # # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): # # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. # # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. # # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 0:00 - GMT ############################################################################### # Libya # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc # # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html # # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on # lastFri instead of lastSun). # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was # cancelled yesterday.... # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ # # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT # Malawi # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 2:00 - CAT # Mali # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 0:00 - GMT #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu # Mauritania # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 0:00 - GMT # Mauritius # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial # basis.... # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): # According to # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). # # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which # changes two days later. # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... # # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): # The Government of Mauritius weblink # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: # # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 # and end on 29 March 2009. # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe # DST the coming summer... # # Some sources, in French: # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-» # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints- # # Our wrap-up: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 4:00 Mauritius %z # Agalega Is, Rodriguez # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius # Morocco # See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. # Mayotte # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT # Morocco # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. # # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe # Presse: # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view # # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. # spokesman. # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): # According to this article: # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html # (and republished here: ) # the changes occur at midnight: # # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) # Sunday night the 28th at midnight # # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive # June 1st to Sept 27th. # # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree # published on the web. # # It's also confirmed here: # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet # posted in English). # # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end # of September: # # One article about it (in French): # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default # # We have some further details posted here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according # to many sources, such as # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 # (French) # # Our summary: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics # # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. # # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. # # Example: # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html # (French) # Our page: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 # ...Official links of change in morocco # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at # +212.537.71.84.00 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ # They said that # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view # is the official publication to look at. # They said that the decision was already taken. # # More articles in the press # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): # They have it written in English here: # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view # # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has # also been like that in the past. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) # except the month of Ramadan. # or (brief) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): # Seen Morocco change again: # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, # comme annoncé précédemment." # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] # # Google translation, lightly edited: # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official # source (French): # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). # Source (french): # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ # # From Milamber (2015-06-09): # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 # # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in # agrees # with the patch. # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf # # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 # # From Milamber (2020-05-31) # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time # shift will be the next weekend. # # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ # # From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): # The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. # ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 # # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the # first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by # running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) # (require 'cal-islam) # (while (< islamic-year 1511) # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) # (sunday 0)) # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) # (setq b (1+ b))) # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) # (insert # (format # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the # rules first. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - %z 1986 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1:00 Morocco %z # Western Sahara # # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as # Morocco does. # # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1:00 Morocco %z # Mozambique # # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): # For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for # Europe/Lisbon. # # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): # The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that # as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Lourenço Marques # (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, # corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. # Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, # says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated # "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... # exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". # Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, # evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before # the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). # For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 2:00 - CAT # Namibia # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf # and includes this nugget: # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on # Sunday 4 September 1994. # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest # of the country. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ # This video is from the government decision: # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible # with Namibia's neighbors. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT # End of rearguard section. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 2:00 Namibia %s # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 # 2:00 - CAT # End of rearguard section. # Niger # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 0:00 - GMT 1960 1:00 - WAT # Nigeria # From P Chan (2020-12-03): # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." # # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." # # From P Chan (2020-11-27): # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), # p 27 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian # 7° 30' E. long." # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes # accordingly." # # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of # 1919, s. 2.)" # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on # Thursday 1919-08-28: # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes # to compensate. # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on # the 1st day of September, 1919." # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, # img 245-246 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1:00 - WAT # Réunion # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 4:00 - +04 # # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. # The following information about them is taken from # Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22, # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). # We have no info about their time zone histories. # # Bassas da India - uninhabited # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Rwanda # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 2:00 - CAT # St Helena # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # São Tomé and Príncipe # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as # they entered the year 2018. # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): # São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ # # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 0:00 - GMT # Senegal # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 0:00 - GMT # Seychelles # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 4:00 - +04 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Sierra Leone # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 0:00 - GMT # Somalia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 3:00 - EAT 1931 2:30 - +0230 1957 3:00 - EAT # South Africa # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SAST # # Marion and Prince Edward Is # scientific station since 1947 # no information # Sudan # From # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 2:00 - CAT # South Sudan # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 # hour on February 1, 2021...." # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 2:00 - CAT # Tanzania # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 2:45 - +0245 1961 3:00 - EAT # Togo # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 0:00 - GMT # Tunisia # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News # , in a story attributed to AP # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next # Saturday." (My translation) # # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, # 1h standard time. # # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. # (Arabic) # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp # # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency # # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): # # (in English) # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 # # (in Arabic) # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 # # (translation): # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on # Sunday... # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." # # (in Arabic) # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT # Uganda # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - +0230 1948 2:45 - +0245 1957 3:00 - EAT # Zambia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Zimbabwe # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT